gaius the roman in the bible

Agrippina actually sewed him a little cloth legionarys uniform and he was welcomed as a kind of mascot by his fathers legions. Do We See Any Gospel Connections in the Book of Numbers? Marius achieved his prophesized seventh consulship, which was more than any other Roman had ever enjoyed up to that point, but his term was cut short. Had they approached him with their poweras if they were owed a position within Gods kingdomthey would have likely found themselves outside the kingdom. But its even more perilous when the group of Roman soldiers, who are escorting Paul and his companions, decide to execute them. Here are four of his outstanding traits: Gaius faith, hope, and love shine brightly as an inspiring example for all Christians. The central Christian confession Jesus is Lord is a refutation of the central creed of the Roman Empire, Caesar is Lord. Although Augustus bore the title son of the deified one (a reference to Julius), it was during the reign of Augustus that the true Son of God was actually born on earth. WebJunius Gallio, original name Lucius Annaeus Novatus, (born c. 5 bc, Corduba, Baetica [now Crdoba, Spain]died ad 65), Roman official who dismissed the charges brought by the Jews against the apostle Paul (Acts 18:1217). In order for the church to be fruitful, its leadership must embody the traits God calls for in His followers: love for one another, devotion to Gods will, consideration for each others strengths, and a willingness to recognize the authority of others. Augustus came to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. Erastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus, greet you. He went with Paul from Corinth in his last journey to Jerusalem. He was elected to consul a record seven times. See W. M. Ramsay,St. Paul theTravellerand the RomanCitizen, 1895, p. 280. 23 terms. Paul reminded the Ephesian elders that he had taught them all the principles of God., Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to care for the church of God, which he obtained with his own bloodActs 20:28 (ESV). Learn how your comment data is processed. His mother was Agrippina the elder, the granddaughter of Caesar Augustus, in whose reign Christ was born and who ordered the famous census which caused Mary and Joseph to visit Bethlehem. But what was a centurion and what can we learn from the Roman centurions in the Bible? The Bible is filled with words that can be confusing to a 21st-centuryaudience. One of these words is centurion. He is spoken of as "the beloved" (3John 1:1,2,5,11), "walking in the truth" (3John 1:3,4), and doing "a faithful work" "toward them that are brethren and strangers withal" (3John 1:5,6). With the death of his friend, Herod found it convenient to move outside the city of Rome, but he made peace with Claudius. For Christians, the Bible serves as the source for guiding and developing leadership, providing wisdom, and calling believers to serve others. All who encountered him were moved to share the testimony of his profound kindness with the faithful. By asking others to be more loving, we should also challenge ourselves and others to display virtues that invite warmth and appreciation. WebThe name Gaius occurs elsewhere in the New Testament four times ( Acts 19:29; Acts 20:4; Romans 16:23; 1 Corinthians 1:14 ); as it was as common in the Roman Empire as John In his childhood, it was assumed that young Gaius would enter a military career when he was older and follow in his fathers footsteps. WebThe elder unto the wellbeloved Gaius, whom I love in the truth. Web23 Gaius, whose hospitality I and the whole church here enjoy, sends you his greetings. Johns letter to Gaius in the Bible, also known as the 3rd epistle, or final epistle, packs a powerful punch in verses 1-8. Scan this QR code to download the app now. Quintus Sertorius (c. 126 73 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who led a large-scale rebellion against the Roman Senate on the Iberian peninsula. In practical terms, this means investing in service to others, immersing ourselves in the teachings of Scripture, and setting an example by imitating the people around us who are doing this. That he was host also to the whole church implies that the Corinthian church met in his spacious home. All we need to do is be willing to listen. It seemed that Gaius actually did die but Merlin arrived and, enraged by the death of his friend and mentor, slew Nimueh. As each has received a gift, use it to serve one another, as good stewards of Gods varied grace: Sometimes it can feel like our efforts to serve the Church are insignificant, even though we try our hardest. With knowledge of His truth, we can be free from foolishness and confidently trust in the Lord. Berean Whoever abides in the teaching has both the Father and the Son. [10] The Elder may have converted Gaius, since he calls Gaius his child in the faith. When they delayed, the assassins murdered Caligulas wife and smashed his daughters head in. (4) Gaius, the host of Paul when he wrote the Epistle to the Roman, and who joined in sending his salutations (Romans 16:23). As Paul wrote this epistle from Corinth, it is probable that this Gaius is identical with (5). If you are a Gentile believer in Christ, its not too big of a stretch to say that the Roman centurion Cornelius paved the way for your social acceptance into the people of God. See more. Proud member What Precision Instruments Are Made Of Invar Steel? Tychicus /tkks/ was an Asiatic Christian who, with Trophimus, accompanied the Apostle Paul on a part of his journey from Macedonia to Jerusalem. A Macedonian Christian; as Pauls companions in travel, he and Aristarchus were seized by the mob during the Ephesian riot (Acts 19:29). Gaius in the Bible was a man of action, expressing his faith, hope, and love of God through his deeds. He is threatened by others who are also gifted evangelists, recognizing their potential to undermine his authority. Cornelius is a god-fearing man but has a misunderstanding of the gospel. Gaius in the Bible, a man of Derbe was one of the companions alongside Paul on his third missionary journey. The story of Gaius is in the Bible, in the book of Acts. Today, well look at Johns third epistle (read 1:1). For what does it profit a man to gain the whole world and forfeit his soul?. Paul would argue similarly in the book of Galatians. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. You may be wondering what Gaius the Apostle did in the Bible. Professing Faith: Who was Gaius in the Bible? The role they play in the Bible is to show that Christ is saving all types of men and women. Privacy Policy. of Was the virtue behind loving-kindness in Gaius in the Bible or in those who loved him? Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. The addressee of 3 John. WebRomans 16:23. John was delighted to learn that Gaius in the Bible was walking in the truth (1:3,4). His drive for control is evident in his need to be first among them (1:9a). Or this recommended resource for further study: The Gaius Diary (First-Century Diaries (Seedsowers))byGene Edwards, ESVScripture quotations are from The ESV Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version), copyright 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. His words were clear: the path to true joy is rooted in mindfully loving and caring for one another, as He did for us. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". Let us focus on refining our own characters, remembering that how we love others is often a reflection of how we love ourselves. He is spoken of as "the beloved" (3John 1:1,2,5,11), Your email address will not be published. Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up (Galatians 6:9). So how many gaius in the bible? I have a theory of who Gaius actually is in the Bible. Unfortunately, not much good rubbed off onto any of them. In Acts 19:29, a companion of St. Paul, who withAristarchuswas seized at Ephesus. As a traveling companion during Pauls third missionary journey and a Macedonian from modern-day Greece, Gaius found himself in a precarious situation when a riot broke out in Ephesus. In those days Caesar Augustus issued a decree that a census should be taken of the entire Roman world. One of the officers in the Praetorian Guard was a man named Cassius Chaerea, who possessed a high, feminine sounding voice. The variant reading , G1523, in Codex D makes him a Macedonian from Doberius. Mere days into it, his mind and body began to wither, and by mid-January, 86 BCE, he died, reportedly of pleurisy, at around the age of 70. This night your soul is required of you, and the things you have prepared, whose will they be?. Some would identify him with the Titius Justus of Acts 18:7. As the Elder, John of Zebedee one of Jesus 12 disciples wrote the gospel of John, 1-3 John, and Revelation, we recognize his significant impact on Christian faith and tradition. Bibliography E. J. Goodspeed, Gaius Titius Justus, JBL, 69 (1950), 382, 383. Although Quintus is not mentioned in the Bible, his name, meaning fifth was a common name for a Roman male fifth child. You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. This betrays a lack of godly leadership, where leaders prioritize their own work, shutting out other Christian workers, and often taking financial gain for themselves at the expense of setting an example of generosity and living simply. Modern television and Hollywood had made a lot of his short life, but not always accurately. By staying close to it, we can be sure to make decisions that are aligned with His will. One Gaius was St. Pauls host at Corinth, converted and baptized by him ( Romans 16:23 , 1 Corinthians 1:14 ). Gaius gave them food and water, and they stayed with him while they were in prison. A Christian in Corinth; one of two men whom Paul names as having been baptized by him, contrary to his usual practice (1 Cor 1:14, 17). We must strive to love others with genuine care and compassion, striving to understand and empathize rather than judge and condemn. But this centurion seemed to know and believe that Jesus could accomplish whatever he desired. Newsom: If addiction is a brain disease, where are all the doctors? Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary - Gaius, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Gaius, A Macedonian, Paul's fellow-traveller, and his host at Corinth when he wrote his Epistle to the (, A man of Derbe who accompanied Paul into Asia on his last journey to Jerusalem, A Christain of Asia Minor to whom John addressed his third epistle (, A Macedonian who accompanied Paul in his travels, and whose life was in danger from the mob at Ephesus. WebAlong with Gaius, another Roman Macedonian, Aristarchus was seized by the mob at Ephesus and taken into the theater . It is clear Gaius was a faithful follower of Jesus Christ and an example to Christians everywhere. Start your free trial today! As Cornelius prays the Lord hears his prayer and directs Simon Peter to meet with Cornelius. Well, there you have it. Early career. This sacrilege would have pushed Judea into open revolt and Herod managed to talk the emperor out of the idea. The distinguishing factor between Christian leadership and secular leadership lies in its foundation the Bible. We may possibly identify him with No. Of Derbe. Write to him at Professing Faith, P.O. 4. Of all those who would have confessed Jesus as the Son of God (including his disciples), why only record it on the lips of a Roman centurion? It was Herod Agrippa I who was the personal friend of Gaius Caligula. (, Of Derbe. Rather than excluding outside ministries, Christians prioritize communal involvement and recognize the importance of uniting beyond individual churches to grow the faith collectively. Dear Gov. The mental instability of Caligula almost led to disaster, but his Jewish friend saved the day. WebBerean Standard Bible Gaius, who has hosted me and all the church, sends you greetings. With the support of the army, Caligula was soon named emperor. Gaius Marius (Latin: ; c. 157 BC 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general, politician, and statesman. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. This page/post may contain affiliate links. He was a man of humble means who lived in Corinth and was While it may not have been a case of heretical teaching, its clear Diotrephes lacked adherence to Scripture. But as John showed us, what matters is that we continue to serve faithfully and diligently. Start your free trial today. Now is the time to step up as Gaius did, to boldly and faithfully lead our churches with humility, courage, and accountability. However, the death of Tiberius shortly thereafter saw Herod released, and Caligula gave him a golden chain of the same weight as his chains in prison. The famous Greek biographer Plutarch dedicated one of his Parallel Lives to Sertorius; in it he pairs Sertorius with Eumenes. For the time is coming when people will not endure sound teaching, but having itching ears they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own passions. Take Johns insights into Gaius, a leader within a local church or group of churches, as an example. No, Jesus identity is confirmed by His suffering not by extraordinary displays. He was a man of humble means who lived in Corinth and was a member of the church there. (. Unit 02 :: ROMANS - PART I. Sanctify them in the truth; your word is truth., Jesus also said Jesus said to him, I am the way, and the truth, and the life. I forget the versus, but I think it might be the general with the sick servant and says I am not worthy for you to enter my home, so only say the words and my servant shall be healed. 54.) In 1 Corinthians 1:14, a member of the Church of Corinth, baptized by St. Paul, who points out that in his case, as 2. He was a man of humble means who lived in Corinth and was a By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from Bible Gateway, a division of The Zondervan Corporation, 3900 Sparks Drive SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA, including commercial communications and messages from partners of Bible Gateway. New International Version (NIV). [10] The Apostolic Constitutions VII.46.9 records that Gaius was made bishop of Pergamon, though there is no early support for this statement.[10]. As followers of Christ, we can learn valuable lessons from the contrast between these two leaders and strive to emulate the example set by Gaius. Cookie Notice Beloved Gaius in the Bible, renowned for his extraordinary love, was an esteemed figure in the Christian community. 5. Despite Johns higher role of shepherding, he still recognized and appreciated the faithfulness of Gaius. They are only minor characters in the Bible, but when they do appear they make an immediate impact. So now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love. Behold! And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost. But often, this distinction is far from simple. New International Version (NIV), Lockyer's All the Men of the Bible Gaius. Gaius is the Greek spelling for the male Roman name Caius, a figure in the New Testament of the Bible. It is also interesting to note that the centurion approaches Jesus as one who is under Jesus authority than the other way around. Webga'-yus (Gaios; Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek, Gaios): (1) The Gaius to whom 3 Joh is addressed. He was also noted for his important reforms of Roman armies. But it is worth noting that our current verse (1) flips its focus. He was evidently a man of position and means (the greeting from him immediately precedes that from Erastus, the treasurer of the city), whether his hospitality took the form of keeping open house forChristiansandChristianvisitors like theApostleatCorinthor of allowing the Christians to meet for common worship and edification under his roof. The Epistle to the Colossians was sent by Paul and Timothy (see Colossians 1:1, 23; 4:18). Instead, pursue health and maturity through nourishing spiritual practices. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. He triumphed in the Roman Civil War but was assassinated by those who believed that he was becoming too powerful. He also made major changes and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.. WebGaius Marius, (born c. 157 bce, Cereatae, near Arpinum [Arpino], Latium [now in Italy]died January 13, 86 bce, Rome), Roman general and politician, consul seven But the poor widow woman has nothing to offer. This was too much, and the Praetorian Guard stormed the imperial palace and arrested the murderers, and finding Caligulas uncle Claudius hiding in a wardrobe, acclaimed him to be the next emperor. He is spoken of as "the beloved" (3 John 1:1,2,5,11 ), "walking in the truth" (3 John 1:3,4 ), and doing "a faithful work" "toward them that are brethren and strangers withal" (3 John 1:5,6 ). Gaius is a character in the Bible who was known for his generosity, kindness and hospitality. But Jesus taught otherwise. Gaius Marius was one of the most important leaders of the Roman Republic. Christians often believe that simply consuming more Bible study alone will bring about great prosperity. Observe how they interact with their family, how they pray, and how they use their time it will only deepen your admiration for a life devoted to the Lord! Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. Tradition suggests he was even appointed bishop of Pergamum! His work continues to shape how the world views and practices Christianity today. But Mark highlights the cross. Though we may experience pain and loss here in this physical life, our souls remain unharmed, intact, and beautiful. All of them helped the apostles spread the message of the Gospel in a way that continues to reverberate in the lives of modern-day Christians. One chapter later, a Gaius from Derbe is named as one of Pauls seven traveling companions who waited for him at Troas (Acts 20:4). Did he heal people? Did he cast out demons and raise the dead? For more detailed information, please visit ourAffiliate Disclaimerpage. This common Roman name is shared by four men, and some writers find it difficult to differentiate between them. General Editor. The centurion is cast as one who deserves redemption because of his having built them a synagogue. Paul baptized him in Corinth, one of only two such baptisms (1 Corinthians 1:14). Start for FREE. Gaius of Derbe - See the notes on Acts 19:29. Gaius is a character in the Bible who was known for his generosity, kindness and hospitality. Gaius of Corinth was a distinguished figure in early Christianity. In 3 John, the Apostle John encourages Gaius to imitate Demetrius, to observe his life, and to be inspired by his love for Christ and others. In Biblical Names the meaning of the name Gaius is: Lord; an earthly man. No one comes to the Father except through me. For I rejoiced greatly when the brothers came and testified to your truth, as indeed you are walking in the truth. WebGAIUS. Gaius grew up in the reign of the first two emperors, Augustus and his stepson, Tiberius, and he knew them both well. God specifically called Peter to go to Cornelius, he helped him see that the gospel caused that which was unclean to become clean, and that the Spirit was given indiscriminately to all those who had faith in Jesus. How Can I Recognize and Understand the Holy Spirit Better? Gaius is the Greek spelling for the male Roman name Caius, a figure in the New Testament of the Bible. Caligula commanded that a life-sized golden statue of himself, depicting him as Zeus, should be placed inside the Holy of Holies in the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. 16 terms. He rubbed shoulders with some of the most famous people in the New Testament. Diotrephes is clearly a self-serving individual, using the churchs resources to amass power and cultivate a local kingdom. He must hold firm to the trustworthy word as taught, so that he may be able to give instruction in sound doctrine and also to rebuke those who contradict it. Now it is perhaps easier to believe that thisCorinthianwould have friends, whom he would wish to salute, atEphesusrather than at Rome, and these salutations in Romans 16:23are thought by some scholars to point to anEphesiandestination of the passage. Being faithful isnt just about attending church regularly or subscribing to certain doctrinal beliefs. There is no evidence to identify him with any of the above. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Looted monastery manuscripts rediscovered during office renovation, Professing Faith: Question of fate has challenged Western religions for thousands of years, Kansas legislators impose sweeping anti-trans bathroom law, Denied an abortion, woman tells senators she nearly died on their watch, Montana GOP bans trans lawmaker from 2023 House session, The dad whose wife and child were among 5 killed by a neighbor in Texas describes how the massacre unfolded. By exhibiting these qualities, godly leaders create an environment in which followers of Christ can come together and work as a team, united in Gods service. They are, at times, juxtaposed with religious leaders of whom you would expect to be the men of faith. But the gospel writers, Mark especially, place the centurions in key positions within their narrative as wonderful examples of faith. Centurions played a big role in the Roman world. Upon arrival in Rome, Pilate was notified of the imperial pardon and set free. I forget the versus, but I think it might be the general with the sick servant and says I am not worthy for you to enter my home, so only say the words and my servant shall be healed.. Gaius may have been the same Gaius who is mentioned in Romans 16:23: Gaius mine host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. What Does Colossians 2:6-7 Teach Us about Our Faith Walk? But spiritual junk food can still be detrimental, leading to spiritual sickness and an unbalanced faith. One chapter later, Gaius who has a residence in Derbe is named as one of Pauls seven traveling companions who waited for him at Troas (Acts 20:4). Save 15% for life on BibleGateway+ with code SPRINGSTUDY15. We do not see them approaching Jesus (or his disciples) with their power but with their curiosity, and on occasion with an astonishing amount of faith. Not their clothing or behaviorbut their love for Jesus and their life choices. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ad9433bbbf845a4fc1e53000aaea44b1" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The religious leaders of the day did not seem to approach God with the same level of humility or curiosity, and likely found themselves outside the kingdom. His story, backed by Scripture and a modern-day application, provides us an example of a leader who serves to bring others closer to faith rather than cause them to walk away. Your email address will not be published. This would have been a difficult ask for both Cornelius and Peter. Our desperation and humble trust is what puts us in a position to receive Gods grace. 1915. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! She promptly rolled her eyes and replied, Well, he was the life of the party. What could I say to this? 1. [9] Gaius seems to have been a wealthy man, since the epistles author, who identifies himself only as the Elder, did not think it would impose unduly on him to host some traveling preachers for a short time. May Gaius example give us strength, courage, and resiliency to love God and our fellow believers. Luke mentions him in Acts 20:4 as Gaius of Derbe a whole city which was situated in Galatia in Asia Minor. Rather than simply foisting the idea on the Romans, Caligula decided to have the divine acclamations begin in the provinces, where they could more gradually become accepted and quietly spread to Rome. Take out time to visit our Website for more information on similar topics. The apostle Paul stayed with him when he made his second journey to Corinth. Therefore we ought to support people like these, that we may be fellow workers for the truth. We must remain cognizant of these fundamental differences if we are to seek Gods will in our lives properly. John, beloved of the Lord, addressed his epistle to Gaius, a dear friend and a faithful member of the unnamed church John had oversight of. This sub is a place for all people, Christian, Jew, Muslim, atheist, etc. Through the spirit of Christ, we can remain whole and undamaged, no matter what pain and suffering we experience in the world. II. He has faith that Jesus is able to speak a word and his servant will be healed. Later, Aristarchus returned with Paul from Greece to Asia (Acts 20:4). But thankfully a centurion, named Julius, stepped in to defend Paul and his companions. I have a theory of who Gaius actually is in the Bible. In addition to sharing our time and talents (Matthew 25:35-40), this can include inviting friends over for dinner or letting someone stay with you if they need temporary housing (Luke 14:12-14). Gaius, who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you. 1. The letter is written to a man named Gaius. Gaius, rejoiced, I am glad). Beyond New Testament references (and the above mentioned Pilate Stone), Pilate is known through the work of the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria (Embassy to Gaius 304305), the writings of the Jewish historian Josephus (Jewish Wars 2.169177), as well as many second-century texts. Tychicus - This man was high in the confidence and affection of Paul. Look for people who have already experienced the prosperity of being in Christ, and learn from them. The differences between godly and ungodly church leadership should not be overlooked. 2. Christ saves men of all nationalities and as they come into union with Christ they too are given the Holy Spirit. or Caius (lord )-- A Macedonian who accompanied Paul in his travels, and whose life was in danger from the mob at Ephesus. The local church should be a bond of believers unified in their mission to glorify God. He was the means that God used to keep his promise of deliverance. Emendations of the text have been suggested by which of Derbe is taken with Timothy, but these are purely conjectural, and Timothy was apparently a Lystran (Acts 16:1-2). Erastus the chamberlain of the city saluteth you, and Quartus a brother. WebGAIUS g ys (, G1127, Gr. Are you spending your life feeding your bodys desires when in the end, death will leave your soul destitute? Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? As Christians, we should remember to focus on embodying the love and grace of God in our daily lives and strive to live out what it means to be beloved. Gaius may only appear in five verses of the Bible, but he is a solid example of how God can turn anyone from a sinner into an apostle. Who is tychicus in the book of Ephesians? Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a710c351d4f02fe48e959a968a186ac8" );document.getElementById("e218d56cc5").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. We, too, can take these lessons to heart and be encouraged to stand firm in our faith. Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love. The work he began on this occasion was carried forward by Apollos and Aquila and Priscilla. The young man was Titus Vespasian, who would order the sack of Jerusalem and its temple 20 years later. Wellbeloved Gaius in the Bible was beloved among his peers because of his faithfulness. Nero. The military leaders did not respond immediately, although Chaerea had hoped they would restore the lost powers of the Senate and Republic. The name Gaius occurs three other times in the New Testament. Yet, they approached in humility. What is the meaning of Gaius in the Bible? Required fields are marked *. Nothing is known of this Gaius, and there is no reason to suppose him to have been any one of those of the same name associated with St. Paul. This is rather astonishing because up to this point in the narrative Jesus has not healed anyone from a distance. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. In the corresponding list given in the "Contendings of Paul" (compare Budge, Contendings of the Twelve Apostles, II, 592), the name of this Gaius is given as "Gallius.". That truth refers to the teachings of Jesus, which are explored in the Bible and can be found only in the message of Christianity cultivated by Jesus apostles, including John himself. And there accompanied him into Asia Sopater of Berea; and As a team player and collaborator, Gaius is committed to carrying out the mission of the Church. Life. What is the meaning of the name gaius in the bible? Tiberius was better known as a ruthless killer and sexual pervert and was perhaps not the best moral guardian of a future emperor. We have the proverb that a man is known by the company he keeps.

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