1932 german presidential election

15 The total income of the Social Democratic party for 1930 was 4,140,004 marks, of which at least 2,000,000 marks were spent for general agitation. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. WebThe German Presidental Election of 1932. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. It took a fire in the Reichstag, the death of a president, and a night of executions to make the Nazis' power absolute but that power originated with the will of the people. Incumbent President Paul von Hindenburg was 84 years old and in poor health. 1932 American Political Science Association The American Political Science Review (APSR) is the longest running You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. On August 19, 1934, Adolf Hitler, already chancellor, is also elected president of Germany in an unprecedented consolidation of power in the short history of the republic. 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round).svg. Like in 1925, the Communist Party nominated Ernst Thlmann. 1932 German presidential election What did Germany do to the Rhineland? 1 Presidential nominations may be made in one of two ways: by petitions signed by 20,000 eligible voters, or by a group or party proposal signed by only 20 voters, if such group or party has a representative in the Beichstag and received at least 500,000 votes at the last Reichstag election. On April 5, 1932, Hitler published his program, the section headings of which were: 1. Never enthusiastic about the presidency (or public office in general), Hindenburg had planned to stand down after his first term. 214 High Street, WebThe 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 00:08. VAT reg no 816865400. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. Hitler's rage-filled ideas of racial superiority then started to seem more palatable to the people of Germany. They were voted in. Independent candidate Crown Prince Wilhelm von Hohenzollern won against Social Democrat Otto Braun. 8 Organisationsbudh des Reichs-Landbundes (1930), p. 10Google Scholar. Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression; unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 1929 and 1932,[2] while industrial production dropped by around 42%. A campaign truck urges voters to cast their ballots for the DNVP: the German National People's Party. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Nazi Party poster with photographs of 20 men supporting Hitler or Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election. A couple look over the campaign signs that have taken over a street post, including a small swastika up in the corner. internationally. WebElecciones presidenciales de Alemania de 1932 (es); 1932 (yue); eleiciones presidenciales d'Alemaa de 1932 (ast); eleccions presidencials alemanyes de 1932 (ca); Democracy died and fascism rose because the people voted for it. LS23 6AD President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. Hindenburg, a monarchist and conservative, was personally offended by Hitler's gaining of most of righting votes. President Paul von Hindenburg appointed a minority government, headed by the Centre Party's Heinrich Brning, which could only govern by using Hindenburg's emergency powers. While it's easy to forget or misunderstand this, during the 1932 federal elections, nearly 14 million Germans voted for Hitler, the Nazis, and fascism. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Election in Germany between Paul von Hindenburg and Adolf Hitler. Independent incumbent Paul von Hindenburg won a second seven-year term against Hindenburg was elected president by an outcome of 53%, while Hitler could significantly increase his results by more than two million votes compared to the first round obviously profiting from Duesterberg's retreat. The German government of Chancellor Heinrich Brning had developed plans to evade direct elections by a Reichstag resolution to extend Hindenburg's time in office and arranged significant concessions to be made to Hitler's Nazi Party and the German National People's Party (DNVP) under chairman Alfred Hugenberg. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. There were actually five major elections in 1932. A truck for President Paul von Hindenburg drives down the streets, warning the people that a vote for Hitler is a vote for "eternal discord.". HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. The family is the bed-rock of the state; 8. Led by Hitler, who exercised sole control over its policy and direction, its ideology combined extreme hostility towards the Weimar Republic with fervent antisemitism and German nationalism. A plebiscite vote was held on August 19. APSR, Web1932 German presidential election; Metadata. news media, and private enterprise. The September 1930 elections produced a highly fragmented Reichstag, making the formation of a stable government impossible. 02 September 2013. Hindenburg had been elected to the office in 1925 with the support of a coalition of several parties on the right who hoped that he would overturn the Weimar Republic, which was never particularly popular. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. The last election had been held in 1925. The Nazi Party, now in charge, campaign to consolidate their power into a complete dictatorship. Mrz, 1932, report published by the minister of the Department of the Interior. What were the results of the presidential election of 1932? Vllcischer Beobachter, April 5, 1932, p. 2Google Scholar. At the end of World War I, the country was crippled. [2] However, at the end of May 1932, Hindenburg was persuaded to dismiss Brning as chancellor and replaced him with Franz von Papen, a renegade from the Centre Party, and a non-partisan "Cabinet of Barons". From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. The three main candidates were: President. Turbocharge your history revision with our revolutionary new app! When after World War II the modern office of German Federal President was established in 1949, following the restoration of democracy in West Germany, it was decided that the president would be chosen indirectly by means of a Federal Convention consisting of parliamentarians and state delegates. A woman casts her vote in the election that would ultimately give power to the Nazis. WebNovember 1932 Election. The elections resulted in significant gains by the Nazi Party; with 230 seats, it became the largest party in parliament for the first time, but lacked an overall majority. Mnchner Stadtmuseum, Munich, Germany 2014.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster Germany 1932. Adolf Hitler salutes his supporters as he drives down the streets of Berlin, celebrating his intention to run in the German presidential election. research in colleges and universities in the U.S. and abroad, one-fourth work In its earlier days, APSR also covered the personal and What questions does this photo raise for you? The Nazis were angrier and more militant than any other party out there and as life got harder, that started to appeal to the Germans. A party was permitted to nominate an alternative candidate in the second round, but in 1932 this did not occur (unlike 1925). [3] Papen's minority government continued in office, leading to another early election in November. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. His major opponent in the election was Adolf Hitler of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Behind him, a man holds up a poster with Hitler's face. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. There were two presidential elections; there were two national elections; and there was a big Prussian This would be the last presidential election in what would become West Germany and East Germany until 1949. 9 Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche (1930), p. 58Google Scholar. And if you liked this post, be sure to check out these popular posts: Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party didn't simply take Germany by force. However, the prospect of Adolf Hitler being elected President of Germany persuaded the reluctant incumbent to seek a second term. The Reichslandbund came out for Hitler in the second election. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. The authority of leadership must take the place of the parliamentary system; 3. In 1932, German President Paul von Hindenburg, old, tired, and a bit senile, had won re-election as president but had lost a considerable portion of his While Hindenburg was frontrunner, Hitler's performance was shockingly high. Request Permissions, Published By: American Political Science Association. This election was important, first, because the Weimar constitutional system was threatened, and secondly, because the threatening force, Hitlerism, if victorious, not only presaged a profound change in the existing form of government in Germany, but might have been the prelude to internal strife, affecting the financial stake of the world in Germany, and possibly endangering international peace. Earlier in Hitler's political career, a crowd of people fill a Munich beer hall to hear him speak. All Rights Reserved. The presidential election was important because it showed how popular Hitler was. [citation needed] In view of that threat, the Social Democrats and Brning's Centre Party would support Hindenburg in contrast to the 1925 presidential election, when the non-partisan had been the candidate of the political right and had been strenuously opposed by much of the moderate left and political centre. "useRatesEcommerce": false DNVP and Stahlhelm abstained from making any recommendations, while the Agricultural League and the industrialist Fritz Thyssen declared themselves in favour of Hitler. WebThe 1932 United States elections were held on November 8, during the Great Depression.The presidential election coincided with U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and Citizens and workers must become Germans; 2. The liberal German People's Party and the German State Party also declared their support. Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1), Adolf Hitler becomes president of Germany, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/adolf-hitler-becomes-president-of-germany, Benjamin Banneker writes to Thomas Jefferson, urging justice for African Americans, West Memphis Three released from prison after 18 years, Captured U.S. spy pilot sentenced in Russia, First race is held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, President Wilson appears before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, The Beatles kick off first U.S. tour at San Franciscos Cow Palace, CIA-assisted coup overthrows government of Iran. Hindenburg remained the only independent politician elected president of Germany until the election of Joachim Gauck nearly 80 years later. 114Google Scholar. 11 Among the more important non-party organizations officially supporting Hindenburg were: the Arbeitsgemeinschaft vereinigten Vertreter der katholischen Verbnde, claiming over 2,000,000 qualified voters; the three workers' federations mentioned above, with a total membership of more than 6,500,000; the Reichsbanner, the Deutsche Offiziersbund, and a large number of the member organizations of the Deutscher Beamtenbund. Close 54 Posted by1 year ago The authority of leadership This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. The 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of President of the Reich ( Reichsprsident ), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. 10 Geschftsbericht des Deutschen Beamtenbundes (1930), p. 324Google Scholar. Last chance to attend a Grade Booster cinema workshop before the exams. occupational endeavors. 13 There are at present in Germany ten broadcasting companies, with sixteen substations. 2. A man steps out of the polling station, having cast his vote. Indeed, it would have been very hard to win a one-party majority in the Weimar Republic - no parties did so. On the far-right, the Harzburg Front collapsed, when the DNVP nominated the Stahlhelm leader Theodor Duesterberg as its own candidate. The business organizations, such as the Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie, took no official position in either election. A crowd of supporters swarm around Hitler's car. The Nazi Party fed upon this desperation. By the 1930s, the skilled propaganda campaigns of the Nazi Party had transformed Adolf Hitler from a little known extremist to a leading candidate for President. Adolf Hitler portrait. There were two rounds to the presidential election of 1932. The first round was in March, but as no candidate won 50% of the vote there was a second round in April. Who were the candidates in the presidential election of 1932 in Germany? Has data issue: false 24 On April 5, 1932, Hitler published his program, the section headings of which were: 1. It's a dark, dirty secret of history that we don't like to acknowledge, but the rise of German fascism began with a democratic election. Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Company Reg no: 04489574. personnel items of the profession as had its predecessor, It is not necessary for the president of Germany to be a native-born citizen. All of these companies are now members of a central organization really under the control of the Post Office Department, which holds 51 per cent of the stock of the central organization, which in turn controls 55.1 per cent of the capital of the member companies. So, the election was repeated, and the Nazis redoubled their efforts to win. The "Brownshirts" throw a parade, making a show of force to intimidate and sway voters toward Hitler. Brning recognized that only a general support from the right would induce Hindenburg to announce his readiness for candidacy. Those close to the president wanted a cozier relationship to Hitler and the Nazis. The Stahlhelm, which supported Duesterberg in the first election, took no official stand in the second. He promised the president that he would restrain Hitlers worst tendencies and that a majority of the Cabinet would go to non-Nazis. 16 See Lewinsohn, Richard, Das Geld in der Politik (S. Fischer, 1931), pp. Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. This page was last edited on 24 January 2022, at 00:11. Party representatives stand outside a polling station during the federal election, holding their placards high. Crowds come out to cast their ballots in the first round of the presidential election. Under the electoral law, a candidate who received an absolute majority of votes (i.e. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Elecciones presidenciales de Alemania de 1932; 1932; eleiciones presidenciales d'Alemaa de 1932; eleccions presidencials alemanyes de 1932; Reichsprsidentenwahl 1932; 1932.; 1932; prsidentvalget i Tyskland 1932; 1932 Almanya cumhurbakanl seimleri; 1932; Presidentvalet i Tyskland 1932; 1932; 1932; 1932; 1932 ; elezioni presidenziali tedesche del 1932; lection prsidentielle allemande de 1932; 1932; 1932; Eleio presidencial na Alemanha em 1932; 1932.; Saksan presidentinvaalit 1932; ; 1932; Pemilihan umum Presiden Jerman 1932; Wybory prezydenckie w Niemczech w 1932 roku; 1932 ; 1932; Duitse presidentsverkiezing 1932; 1932; 1932; Predsedniki izbori u Nemakoj 1932.; 1932 German presidential election; 1932; 1932; Presidentvalget i Tyskland 1932; Election in Germany between Paul von Hindenburg and Adolf Hitler. Book now . Hitler came second to Hindenburg, who won 53 per cent of the vote to Hitlers 36.8 per cent. On April 13, 1932, President von Hindenburg issued a special decree abolishing these National Socialist organizations. Talk Elections General Politics Individual Politics (Moderator: The Dowager Mod) 1932 German Presidential Election-First Round previous next Pages: [ 1] Author Topic: 1932 German Presidential Election-First Round (Read 1870 times) Pages: [ 1] previous next Jump to: The elections also saw the Nazi Party rise to national prominence,[2] gaining 95 seats. Total loading time: 0 Backed by the Communist International, it was hoped that he would gain support from left-wing Social Democrats disgusted by Hindenburg's character. It's a dark, Und tut ihr es nicht aus Liebe, so tut es aus Hass. Leading editorial, Von Ebertzu Hitler? in the principal organ of the Social Democratic party, Vorwrts, February 28, 1932. Under the Weimar Republic, which had arisen from Germany's defeat in World War I, the presidency was a powerful office. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. This November vote was the last democratic national election held in prewar Germany. The National Socialist German Workers' Party headquarters courts voters by passing out balloons with tiny swastikas. In February 1933, Hitler blamed a devastating Reichstag fire on the communists (its true cause remains a mystery) and convinced President Hindenburg to sign a decree suspending individual and civil liberties, a decree Hitler used to silence his political enemies with false arrests. 19 The exact quotation is Also geht hin und werbt fr Hindenburg. A truck drives by, covered in propaganda calling on the people to keep Paul von Hindenburg as President of Germany and keep the fascists out. Only three days after his appointment, he was faced with such opposition that he had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag and call new elections for 31 July so that the Reichstag could not dismiss him immediately.[3]. The election campaign took place under violent circumstances, as Papen lifted the token ban on the SA, the Nazi paramilitary, which Brning had put in place during the last days of his administration. Theodor Duesterberg, the deputy leader of the World War I veterans' organization Der Stahlhelm, ran in the first round but dropped out of the runoff. Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party representatives pose together for a photograph while planning their election campaign. He scored higher election results in traditional Social Democratic and Centre strongholds such as the Prussian Rhine Province or Saxony. In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. Communist Party (KPD) leader Ernst Thlmann also ran and received more than ten percent of the vote in the runoff. In the first round on March 13 no candidate obtained an absolute majority of the votes cast, though Hindenburg with 49.6% failed only by a narrow margin. The threat of Hitler caused many on the left to support Hindenburg; at the same time, Hindenburg's failure to overturn the Weimar Republic had disappointed many of those who had supported him in 1925. He then made a common cause with Hitler, persuading President Hindenburg to appoint Hitler chancellor and himself vice-chancellor. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! 18 The Hindenburg parties were: the German People's party, Agricultural party, German Hannoverian party, People's party, Christian Socialists, Center party, Bavarian People's party, Farmers' League, Economic, Democratic, and Social Democratic parties. The German National People's Party in an earlier election, drives through the streets with an anti-semitic poster on their truck. None (Papen remained as unelected Chancellor). Hindenburg defeated Hitler in a runoff. Hitler succeeded Hindenburg as head of state upon his death in 1934, whereafter he abolished the office entirely, and replaced it with the new position of Fhrer und Reichskanzler ("Leader and Reich Chancellor"), cementing his rule. The support of the moderate Weimar coalition was also encouraged by the fact that, contrary to fears expressed at the time of his election in 1925, Hindenburg had not used his office to subvert the constitution, as Hitler now aimed to do. While it's easy to forget or misunderstand this, during the 1932 federal elections, nearly 14 million Germans voted for Hitler, the Nazis, and fascism. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to When was the presidential election of 1932? "The German Reichstag Elections of July 31, 1932", The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1932_German_federal_election&oldid=1144885216, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kleinrentner, Inflationsgeschdigte und Vorkriegsgeldbesitzer, Worker and Farmer Party of Germany/Christian Radical People's Front, Interessengemeinschaft der Kleinrentner und Inflationsgeschdigten, National Socialist People's Alliance for Truth and Justice, Handwerker, Handels- und Gewerbetreibende, Kriegsteilnehmer, Kriegsbeschdigte und Kriegshinterbliebene, Gerechtigkeitsbewegung fr Parteienverbot gegen Lohn-, Gehalts- und Rentenkrzungen fr Arbeitsbeschaffung, Deutsche Einheitspartei fr wahre Volkswirtschaft, Untersttzungsempfnger- Partei Deutschlands, Hchstgehalt der Beamten 5000 M. Fr die Arbeitslosen und bis jetzt abgewiesenen Kriegsbeschdigten, Liste gegen Krzung der Invaliden-, Sozial- und Kriegsbeschdigtenrenten, Der ernste evangelisch-lutherische Christ (Gerechtigkeits-Bewegung), Bund Bayerisches Handwerk und Gewerbe, Haus- und Grundbesitz und Landwirtschaft, Schicksalsgemeinschaft deutscher Erwerbslosen, Kampfgemeinschaft der Rentner, Sparer und Inflationsgeschdigten, Nationale Rentner, Sparer und Inflationsgeschdigte, Party of the Unemployed for Work and Bread, Freiheitliche National-Soziale Deutsche Mittelstandsbewegung, National-soziale Partei gegen die Hauszinssteuer, Kampfgemeinschaft fr Handwerk, Gewerbe, Hausbesitz und Landwirtschaft, General Social-National Unity Worker Party of Germany, Freiwirtschaftsbewegung fr Freiland, Freigeld, Festwhrung, Kampfbund der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten und Auslandsgeschdigten, Kampfgemeinschaft der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten, This page was last edited on 16 March 2023, at 03:20. Hindenburg Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Chancellor Heinrich Brning speaks to a crowd, urging them to vote for Paul von Hindenburg and keep Hitler out of power. Joseph Goebbels yells into his microphone, addressing his crowd of supporters. WebWhat were the results of the presidential election of 1932? HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Political parties set up shop outside of a restaurant, trying to sway the customers' votes. Voters cast their ballots at Potsdamer Platz, where a sign asking people to vote for Hitler hangs above the entrance. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. WebWhat were the results of the presidential election of 1932? Hitler; Mit ihmHindenburg; Wir nehmen das Schicksal der Nation in die HandeHitler wird Reichsprsident; Frontsoldaten deutsche Mnner und FrauenGebt die Antwort; Er hlt zu Euch, haltet ihm die Treue.. Wahlgang.jpg, Resultado elecciones presidenciales Alemanas de 1932.png, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13314, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Agitator.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13324, Berlin, Lustgarten, Ansprache Hitlers.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-14271B, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Ansprache Adolf Hitler.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1940, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Wahlpropaganda.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1942A, Berlin-Zehlendorf, Rede Joseph Goebbels.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03156A, Berlin, Propaganda zur Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03928A, Berlin, Propaganda zur Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R97782, Berlin, Wahlwerbung der NSDAP in.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13355, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Wahlwerbung.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13356, Berlin, Menschen vor Reichsprsidentenpalais.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13357, Berlin, Brning vor Wahllokal.jpg, Stimmzettel zur Reichsprsidentenwahl 1932.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R99203, Berlin, Wahlplakat fr Hindenburg.jpg, Daspolitischepla00scho 0210 Erwin Schockel Das politische Plakat Hitler poster Reichsprsidentenwahl Mrz April 1932 Heinz Franke Druck Mnchen Anonymous No known copyright restrictions.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster 1932 (Hitler portrait, 11 millionen, Gib auch du deine Stimme dem Manne der Kraft). On This was the second and final direct election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. All other parties combined held less than half the seats in the Reichstag, meaning no majority coalition government could be formed without including at least one of these two parties. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: August 19. May Brning resigned as Chancellor.

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