modified mercalli intensity scale simulator

May feel like a heavy truck passing by. The series of MMI-PGA data are distinguished by different symbols and the numbers correspond to the isoseismal maps in Figure 1. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 13, 230-234. It was originally introduced by the Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli in 1902, and was Rhodes, B.P., Perez, R., Lamjuan, A. and Kosuwan, S. (2004) Kinematics and tectonic implications of the Mae Kuang Fault, northern Thailand. May feel like heavy truck passing by. 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192. The scale was developed at the turn of the century by the Italian volcanologist G. Mercalli, and subsequently revised by American seismologists H.O. Google Noticed by drivers of automobiles. of Commerce, Under development - data is currently in the process of being created. Department of Mineral Resources (2006) Macroseismic investigation in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. Brown, J.C. (1914) The Burma earthquake of May 1912. It is a 12-point scale, ranging from sites that experience barely perceptible vibration (MM I) to those that experience total devastation (MM XII). Little damage in specially built structures. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the shown linear regression is 0.9681. ", 13. An earthquake has one magnitude. The above table shows the approximate relationship The intensities experienced at different sites depend primarily on the distance from the source to each site. A strong groundmotion database including 34 moderate to large earthquakes is used along with the corresponding modified Mercalli Let's assume that you remember an earthquake a couple of years ago, which has a magnitude of 7.1. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 13, 1-147. Some walls collapse. China, Iran, and Turkey lead in the category of the most catastrophic earthquakes (damages, fatalities, etc.). The methodology is simple. Furniture broken. Some walls may fall. Freeman, San Francisco, 768. Some damage to reinforced masonry; none to reinforced masonry designed to resist lateral forces. After that, each MMI value was plotted against the corresponding calculated PGA, as shown in Figure 2. Photographs will be taken throughout the day. Large rock masses displaced. Thus, in contrast to the Richter Magnitude scale, which assigns a single value to represent the overall size of an earthquake, the intensity values for a given quake range from site to site. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Modified Mercalli scale of earthquake intensity, Observation and interpretation of precursory phenomena, Exploration of the Earths interior with seismic waves, 6 of the Worlds Deadliest Natural Disasters. We can use scales, rubrics, points, letter and numbers to show the level of something. Trees shake. In case of no shelter, hold on to your head and neck with both arms and hands. 790 E. Kirkwood Avenue How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Wholesale destruction. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), In an effort to gather more information about the earthquake, you have compiled newspaper accounts of the events from many sources. Remember that for each unit increase in magnitude: So, for example, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 releases over 1000 times more energy than a magnitude 5 earthquake. map for the M6.0 Napa, California earthquake on 2 0 obj The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. Richter, C.F. Few structures standing. A variety of hazards result from natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions). However, according to the limitation of the political and economic situation, seismic hazard assessment and action is seemingly not recognized within the top priorities in Myanmar. The MSK scale is the most recent, has 12 values that approximate but are not the same the Modified Mercalli values, and is used extensively in Europe.Intensity values can be correlated with other measures of ground motion, such as displacement, velocity and acceleration. Are there any suggestions for improvement? (2) where PGA is the peak ground acceleration (cm/s 2) and MMI is the level of macroseismic intensity in terms of MMI scale. Earth Homepage | UCMP and linked to the related tsunami event or significant volcanic eruption. What city is closest to your estimated epicenter for this earthquake? Felt indoors. Proceedings of the 5th World Conference Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, 13-18 January 1969. http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/general/handouts/mercalli.html, Did You Feel It? Htwe, Y.M.M. ", 18. Most of them were generated from the Sagiang Fault Zone of Myanmar, as mentioned, 1) 23rd May 1912 2) 23rd May 1912 3) 8th August 1929 4) 5th May 1930 5) 3rd December 1930 6) 4th December 1930 7) 4th December 1930 8) 21st March 1954 9) 8th October 2006 10) 12th December 2006. Pailoplee, S., Sugiyama, Y. and Charusiri, P. (2009) Deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses in Thailand and adjacent areas using active fault data. ", 16. Log In or Register. Felt by a few people, especially on the upper floors. from FEMA at no cost by calling 1-800-480-2520. Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. Nested under units are lessons (in purple) and hands-on activities (in blue). Figure 1. Do you agree with this alignment? M.Sc. 5), Analyze and interpret data identifying ways Earth's surface is constantly changing through a variety of processes and forces such as plate tectonics, erosion, deposition, solar influences, climate, and human activity Earth, Planets and Space, 61, 1313-1325. To this end, based on the published probabilistic seismic hazard map of the Yangon area, central Myanmar ([13], the maps were evaluated by using the strong ground-motion attenuation relationship of Boore et al. {0,W7au]n{~y _aXV,k2m!J}UMv}xG?o?zW2Qeu,3Q~1trX&EYNLf5{}2C]|*+]n|=rxStH\Y#e\nX|_H^5E]4[:+fWxPBJLnty@6v 'ygb ~6\[K.|%TZl!DRE)Dgu[6*>(O[y=Tr1 Objects thrown into the air. Some walls may fall. A modified version of his scale is still in use today. be found on pg. The next six strongest Chilean earthquakes would be found in the top 30 most massive earthquakes by magnitude. Felt by almost everyone, wakes many. ""Many residents ran into the street in panic during the severe shaking, though building damage was mostly restricted to a few cracked chimneys. above, whereas two earthquakes were located in the southern and northern parts of Thailand. Both of these were generated by the Sagiang Fault Zone with reported MMIs of up to IX and spread out far away from the source into Thailand (Figure 1). 1 0 obj Catalog of Significant Earthquakes 2000 B.C. on the date and time of occurrence, latitude and longitude, focal depth, magnitude, Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity ( g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared) and ground velocities of Trees, bushes shake. 9 Based on this relationship, approximately, what is the magnitude of this earthquake. it is valuable in, evaluating ground shaking in modern quakes. Seismological Research Letters, 68, 128-153. - 1979, Including Quantitative Casualties Waves on ponds; water turbid with mud. ", 17. Did you notice that 3 out of the 12 most powerful earthquakes were in Chile? The Mercalli Scale was used earlier than the Richter Scale. A 12-point abridged form of the modified Mercalli scale is provided below. Rails bent greatly. In this study, it is attempted to develop the relationship between macroseismic intensity, in terms of the MMI scale, and the engineering ground-motion parameter, in terms of the PGA. Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Thanks to this earthquake calculator, you can: Check the approximate energy release of an earthquake in energy release equivalents (such as tons of TNT, atomic bomb energies, and volcanic eruptions). Shabestari, K.T. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Branches broken from trees. % Copyright http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg. Testing Model Villages in Big Waves, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth. Layer the three pieces of white copy paper in one stack with one piece of construction paper on top for the cover. 3 - Also, our tool is a safe bet if you want to compare different earthquakes and want to know how much stronger one earthquake is compared to another. The first is the Mw- 5.0 earthquake that occurred on the 8th October 2006 in the southern part of Thailand [9], whilst the second is the Mw 4.6 earthquake located at Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand [10]. Using one arm, cover your head and neck. To know more about this fascinating topic, make sure to check out this excellent video by IRIS Earthquake Science Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? This relationship, if substantiated, will be particularly useful in real-time applications for damage prediction or engineering parameter determination for earthquake ground shaking posed in or nearby to Myanmar. Part three of our introduction to seismology series is an exercise about the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale which is used by seismologists to determine the magnitude and epicenter of earthquakes of the past. The Rossi-Forel scale is relatively old, has values from 1 to 10, and is still used in some countries. Wald, D.J., Quintoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., Kanamori, H., Scrivner, C.W. Feel free to visit the log calculator if you feel like you could use a refresher. Explain the different levels of the Mercalli Scale using words or pictures. <> Figure 3. Indiana University Intensity ratings are expressed as Roman numerals between I at the low end and XII at the high end. Intensity depends, however, in a complicated way not only on ground accelerations but also on the periods and other features of seismic waves, the distance of the measuring point from the source, and the local geologic structure. WebFirst, measure the scale on the map in Figure 13.13 in centimeters, and use that to convert your distances in kilometers to centimeters (ex. It is common to find intensities ranging by 1 unit in a neighbourhood, and not unusual to find values 2 or more. If you want to know which country has the most earthquakes, it depends on what you really mean: Indonesia lies in a very active seismic region and is a relatively big country, so it probably has the most earthquakes in total. Chimneys may be slightly damaged. Other intensity scales are used in some countries. ( edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox ( edit | diff) and testcases ( edit) pages. The database is now updated regularly from sources such as U.S. Numerous intensity scales have been developed over Magnitude scales, like the moment magnitude, measure the size of the earthquake at its source. Global Significant Earthquake Database. Tell students to label and illustrate the cover. The released energy is 31622776601684 J, and the equivalent of such energy is: 0.0000028 of the most massive earthquake recorded, Chile '60 . Slight to moderate damage in well built, ordinary structures. Felt by everyone. Bloomington, IN: "Most of Bloomington's population ran into the streets during the height of the shaking. Bloomington, IN 47405-7101 Description of Source: The Significant Earthquake database originated from the Significant Earthquake Catalog Accessibility | Privacy Notice The Modified Mercalli Scale measures the amount of shaking at a particular location. An important piece of information to keep in mind is that the magnitude scale is logarithmic. In other words, it is comparing amplitudes of waves on a seismogram, not the strength, or energy, of the quakes, according to USGS. Based on data from the northeastern United States, seismologists have estimated the following relation between earthquake magnitude (M) and epicentral intensity (Ie): M = 0.62 Ie + 0. Wholesale destruction. [14]. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, 653. Weak plaster and masonry cracks. Damage to weak masonry. (1992) Dependence of strong ground motion on magnitude-distance, site geology and macroseismic intensity for shallow earthquakes in Greece: I, peak horizontal acceleration, velocity and displacement. WebStep 1 Type the name of the city and the state of the hypothetical earthquake, and then click "Center". It is influenced by the amount of kinetic energy released, the The San Francisco earthquake of 1906, which measured 8.3 on the Richter Scale. For instance, for a particular amount of shaking, unreinforced masonry (brick) buildings will experience much greater damage than wood-frame buildings in the same area. Parts 1 & 2before tackling this challenge! Earthquake templates. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. We find out that a magnitude of 7.1 is 20 times bigger (on a seismogram, in terms of amplitudes) and ~89 times stronger (in terms of energy release) than a 5.8 magnitude. There are many ways of protecting buildings from earthquakes, such as friction pendulums you can read about them in the article accompanying the damping ratio calculator. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Table 1. WebABBREVIATED MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE; REFLECTION QUESTIONS; Contributors and Attributions; Magnitude and Intensity measure different characteristics of earthquakes. Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Wood and F. Neumann in the 1930s. Landslides. Earthquakes in the Midwestern and Eastern United States?! There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. A number of different intensity scales have been set up during the past century and applied to both current and ancient destructive earthquakes. Bender, F. (1983) Geology of Burma. The descriptions below are a simplified version of the New Zealand Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. 4 0 obj WebIntensity Witness Perceptions and Damage; I: Felt by very few people; barely noticeable. The most familiar of these is the Richter scale - related endobj Noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors, but may not be recognized as an earthquake. With respect to seismic hazards, Myanmar is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Mainland Southeast Asia. ", 11. The one currently used in Chicago, IL: "Many residents of the Windy City reported a strong tremor last night; some sleepers were awakened by what they described as 'a loud, crashing sound. Felt by all; many are frightened and run outdoors. Twisting, fall of chimneys, factory stacks, monuments, towers, elevated tanks. or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. Evansville, IN: "The smokestack of the Sterling Brewery collapsed in downtown Evansville. Structural engineers usually contribute information for assigning intensity values of VIII or above. If you're listening to the news about an earthquake, the measure that will be given is the magnitude the moment magnitude to be exact. Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. the maps scale of 100 km = 2.1 cm on your ruler, so if you had a measured distance from one station of Financial support is acknowledged from the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University through the Thai Government Stimulus Package 2 (TKK2555: PERFECTA); The National Research University Project of CHE; and the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund (Project Code CC508B). The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such Centers for Environmental Information, Climate and Fumal, T.E. The Mercalli Scale uses human observation to assess damage from an earthquake, while a If time permits, have the students write a sentence on the bottom of each page describing the illustration. At each location assign We understand that enormous energy values expressed in joules are not very intuitive or informative, so we have chosen a few earthquake energy equivalents if you've ever wondered what magnitude of earthquake an atomic bomb or volcanic eruption is equivalent to, this earthquake magnitude calculator has the answer. Tell students to draw a picture having to do with an earthquake or the Mercalli Scale. On 23rd May 1912, two earthquakes of a magnitude of Mw 8.0 devastated Myanmar. Stay inside until the shaking stops. Louisville, KY: "The Captain's Restaurant reported $3000 damage due to broken china and glassware. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down; loose panel walls thrown out. Khin and Win [7] reported that the macroseismic intensities were up to a level of VIII in a radius of 150 km from its source. ", 21. While shaking is caused Did You Feel It? where Y is the PGA which is in g unit (1 g = 981 cm/s2), M is the moment magnitude (Mw), R is the source-to-site distance (km), for randomly-oriented horizontal component (or geometrical mean) b1 = 0.105, b2 = 0.229, b3 = 0, b4 = 0, b5 = 0.778, b6 = 0.162, b7 = 0.251, GB = 1, and GC = 0. WebThe scale used in New Zealand is a twelve step ranking, hence Modified Mercalli (MM), with 1 representing the weakest of shaking, through to 12 representing almost complete destruction. Although in the Northern Hemisphere, antipode usually refers to Australia or New Zealand. and Brady, A.G. (1975) On the correlation of seismic intensity scales with the peaks of recorded strong ground motion. to the size of seismic waves produced during a quake. Intensity. If the earthquake was associated with a tsunami or volcanic eruption, it is flagged The first of these, the Mandalay earthquake, was generated at the central part of the Sagiang Fault Zone and the second, the Tounggyi earthquake, occurred in the Moei-Tounggyi Fault Zone [4,5] eastwards of Myanmar. The European (MSK) scale of 12 grades is similar to the abridged version of the Mercalli. Neumann, F. (1954) Earthquake intensity and related ground motion. Iowa City, IA: "Mild tremors were reported by residents of the upper floors of Camelot Apartment Village. WebFrom the result of this regression ( Figure 2 ), it appears that there is a slight trend of MMI to be a linear function in relationship to the, which can represented by Equation (2) with a standard deviation of 0.33. Has anyone ever heard of the Mercalli scale? Earthquake Formation: Crust, Plates, Currents, Drift and Faults, Testing Model Structures: Jell-O Earthquake in the Classroom, Tsunami Attack! Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. WebA new 3-D earthquake simulator with a vibrating platform approximately 7 by 4 meters, has recently been. Intensity scales date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before seismographs capable of accurate measurement of ground motion were developed. Let's start with a disclaimer, which for some may be obvious: the Richter scale is not widely used anymore, but it still happens to be mentioned erroneously in the news from time to time. Besides the Sumatra-Andaman Subduction Zone in the western part, Myanmar also has own great strike-slip active faults called the Sagiang Fault Zone [2]. WebThe above table shows the approximate relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA).

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